E Visas | Harrington Legal Alliance https://Harringtonandsheppard.com Our Practice Makes Perfect Thu, 06 Jun 2024 21:00:59 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/cropped-Jeff-Harrington-32x32.jpg E Visas | Harrington Legal Alliance https://Harringtonandsheppard.com 32 32 IMMIGRATION: Work Visa for Traders (E-1) https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/work-visas-traders-e-1/ Fri, 14 May 2021 16:55:09 +0000 https://www.harringtonlawassociates.com/?p=2970 This is an overview of the eligibility requirements and key features of the E-1 Treaty Trade Visa.

The post IMMIGRATION: Work Visa for Traders (E-1) first appeared on Harrington Legal Alliance.]]>
Our office caters to foreigners seeking to invest and/or work in the US.  The following is an overview of the E-1 Treaty Trade Visa, including eligibility requirements and key features.

The E-1 classification is for foreigners who do not intend to immigrate permanently to the US but who wish to live here and engage in international trade.  Typically, this kind of visa is for businesses that import/export goods between the US and their home country.  E-1 visas are available to both to individuals and companies, as long as the home country has entered into the treaty with the US.

Eligibility

I.  First, you have to be a citizen of a country that has an E-1 agreement with the US.  Here is a list of the E-1 and E-2 country participants: List of Treaty Countries.

II.  Second, you have to carry on trade between the US and your home country.  Trade items do not have to be goods.  “Trade” also includes services and other activities.  Here are just a few examples provided by the USCIS:

  • Goods
  • Services
  • International banking
  • Insurance
  • Transportation
  • Tourism
  • Technology and its transfer
  • Some news-gathering activities.

See 8 CFR 214.2(e)(9) for additional examples and discussion.

III.  Third, you must carry on “substantial” trade.  To be substantial, the amount of trade should be sufficient to ensure a continuous flow of international trade between the US and your home country.  There is no minimum requirement regarding monetary value or volume of each transaction, but there should be numerous transactions over time.  As a guideline, think of the income generated through the trade being sufficient to support you and your family.

Qualifications for Employee of Treaty Trader Company

Recall that the E-1 Visa is available for both individuals and companies.  If a company is the applicant, then the employee that comes to the US must meet certain requirements.

  1. Have the same nationality as the employer;
  2. Be an “employee” as defined under relevant law; and
  3. Be an executive or have special qualifications essential to business operations.

Most E-1 employees come over as executives, but other employees may also be eligible if they have _

  1. proven expertise in the area of operations (Relevant Factor: Whether other employees possess the same skills)
  2. salary commensurate with the special skills (Relevant Factor: Whether the same skills and qualifications are readily available in the US)

As for the company itself, it should be at least 50% owned by individuals who are _

  1. the same nationality as the company; and
  2. themselves E-1 Visa holders or, if not living in the US, eligible for E-1 status.

See 8 CFR 214.2(e)(18) for more details.

Period of Stay

The initial stay under E-1 status is for two (2) years, generally.  And, you can apply for extensions, also for two (2) years, as many times as you want.

The E-1 program does not provide a path to permanent residence in the same way an L-1 Visa does.  However, you can extend your stay in the US indefinitely, as long as you continue the trade activities.

Just remember that your intention as an E-1 visa holder is to return to your home country when your trading business is complete.  Things can happen along the way that change your plans, such as meeting someone special and getting married.  Should your intentions change such that you wish to live permanently in the US, changing to a different kind of status may be advisable.

Family Members

E-1 holders may be bring spouses and children under 21 years of age as dependents, even if they are not the same nationality.  The period of stay for dependents will generally be the same as for the principal.

Change of Status

In “real life” it is often important to clients to be able to apply for a new immigration status without having to go back to their home country and go through consular processing.  The ability to change status without leaving the US is available for E-1.  If you are already here in the US as a lawful nonimmigrant, you may file Form I-129 to request a change of status to E-1 classification.

Travel

You are able to freely leave and re-enter the US under an E-1 Visa.  In fact, each time you re-enter the US, you will generally be granted an automatic extension of two (2) years from the time of re-entry.  The same applies to your dependents, but only if they travel with you.

Both E-class visas (E-1 and E-2) are very good visas.  If you are lucky enough to hold a passport from a country that participates in the treaty, then you would be well advised to carefully consider the advantages of the E-1 program.  Anecdotally speaking, E visas are not insanely difficult to obtain nor to maintain.  By comparison, EB-5 visas are much more expensive to obtain, and L-1 visas are much harder to hold onto after the initial period of stay.

As always, this article is intended to help you focus your approach.  Meet with an experienced H&S attorney to go over your particular circumstances and map out a plan of action.

~ Jeff Harrington, Esq.

 

 

The post IMMIGRATION: Work Visa for Traders (E-1) first appeared on Harrington Legal Alliance.]]>
IMMIGRATION: Investor Visa (E-2 Step-by-Step) https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/immigration-work-visas-e-2-step-by-step/ Thu, 01 Mar 2018 14:11:50 +0000 https://www.harringtonlawassociates.com/?p=1339 An E-2 investor visa is one of the best ways to obtain US resident status without making a huge investment.

The post IMMIGRATION: Investor Visa (E-2 Step-by-Step) first appeared on Harrington Legal Alliance.]]>
Our office caters to foreigners seeking to work in the US.  The following is an overview of the key issues related to obtaining an E-2 Visa in a step-by-step format.  Going through this exercise will help you determine if an E-2 Visa is right for you. 

Are you already present in the United States?

If you are currently in the US as a lawful non-immigrant, you may request a change of status to E-2 classification. If that is your situation, you can file Form I-129 to petition an adjustment of your status.

 Are you outside of the United States?

You will not request a change of status if you are outside of the United States. Instead, you will go through the application process and, once the visa is issued, you will apply to a DHS immigration officer at a US port of entry for admission as an E-2 non-immigrant.

 What are the qualifications?

To qualify for E-2 classification, you must:

  • Come from a treaty country (click here for treaty countries List_of_Treaty_Countries)
  • Have invested, or be actively in the process of investing, a substantial amount of capital in a bona fide enterprise in the US.
  • Come to the US solely to develop and direct the investment enterprise.  This is established by showing at least 50% ownership of the enterprise or possession of operational control through a managerial position or other corporate device.

More on Immigration

 What is considered an “investment”?

To make a qualifying investment, you have to place money or other assets “at risk” for the purpose of generating a profit.  That is pretty much the definition of starting any real business. So, as long as you are making a genuine attempt to start a company in the US, you should be making a qualifying investment.

The reason the USCIS insist the money be “at risk” is that they do not want you to hedge your bet by making an arrangement beforehand that would allow you to get your money back if the visa is not approved.  That is not permitted.

The capital must be subject to partial or total loss if the investment fails. Also, be aware that you must show the funds have not been obtained, directly or indirectly, from criminal activity.  So, you will need to demonstrate where the money for your investment came from.  Our office will help you with this.

 How much is “substantial”?

This is, of course, a key question.  What you want is a dollar figure, but the USCIS does not provide that. Instead, they give you these guidelines:

  • Substantial in relationship to the total cost of either purchasing an established enterprise or establishing a new one
  • Sufficient to ensure the treaty investor’s financial commitment to the successful operation of the enterprise
  • Of a magnitude to support the likelihood that the treaty investor will successfully develop and direct the enterprise.  The lower the cost of the enterprise, the higher, proportionately, the investment must be to be considered substantial.

We realize these criteria are somewhat ambiguous. You might even say they are no help to you at all.

So, for what it is worth, there is somewhat of an unspoken guideline that $100,000 or more will likely be considered “substantial.”

That is not a rule; just a guideline.  However, having something concrete in mind may help you plan your business venture.

A bona fide enterprise refers to a real, active and operating commercial or entrepreneurial undertaking which produces services or goods for profit.  It must meet applicable legal requirements for doing business within its jurisdiction.

 What is a “marginal” enterprise?

Your business venture may not be marginal.  A marginal enterprise is one that does not generate more than enough income to provide a minimal living for you and your dependents.

Now, it is true that some businesses take time to become profitable. The USCIS understands that. So, in some cases, you can meet this criteria if the enterprise has the capacity to generate sufficient income within five years from the date that the treaty investor’s E-2 classification begins.

 What are the qualifications for an Employee?

To qualify for E-2 classification, the employee must:

  • Be the same nationality of the employer (who must have the nationality of the treaty country)
  • Meet the definition of “employee” under relevant law
  • Either be engaging in duties of an executive or supervisory character, or, if employed in a lesser capacity, have special qualifications.

If the principal alien employer is not an individual, it must be an enterprise or organization at least 50% owned by persons in the US who have the nationality of the treaty country.  These owners must be maintaining nonimmigrant treaty investor status.  If the owners are not in the United States, they must be, if they were to seek admission to this country, classifiable as nonimmigrant treaty investors.  See 8 CFR 214.2(e)(3)(ii).

 What does “executive or supervisory” mean?

Duties which are of an “executive or supervisory” character are those which primarily provide the employee ultimate control and responsibility for the organization’s overall operation, or a major component of it.

 What are “special qualifications”?

“Special qualifications” are skills which make the employee’s services essential to the efficient operation of the business.  There are several qualities or circumstances which could, depending on the facts, meet this requirement.  These include, but are not limited to:

  • The degree of proven expertise in the employee’s area of operations
  • Whether others possess the employee’s specific skills
  • The salary that the special qualifications can command
  • Whether the skills and qualifications are readily available in the United States.

Knowledge of a foreign language and culture does not, by itself, meet this requirement.  Note that in some cases a skill that is essential at one point in time may become commonplace, and therefore no longer qualifying, at a later date.

 How long does the visa last?

Qualified treaty investors and employees will be allowed a maximum initial stay of two (2) years.  Requests for extension of stay may be granted in increments of up to two years each.  There is no maximum limit to the number of extensions an E-2 nonimmigrant may be granted.  All E-2 nonimmigrants, however, must maintain an intention to depart the United States when their status expires or is terminated.

An E-2 nonimmigrant who travels abroad may generally be granted an automatic two-year period of readmission when returning to the United States.  It is generally not necessary to file a new Form I-129 with USCIS in this situation.

What are the terms and conditions?

A treaty investor or employee may only work in the activity for which he or she was approved at the time the classification was granted.  An E-2 employee, however, may also work for the treaty organization’s parent company or one of its subsidiaries as long as the:

  • Relationship between the organizations is established
  • Subsidiary employment requires executive, supervisory, or essential skills
  • Terms and conditions of employment have not otherwise changed.

 

What is a “substantial if change” in terms or conditions?

The USCIS must approve any substantive change in the terms or conditions of E-2 status.  A “substantive change” is defined as a fundamental change in the employer’s basic characteristics, such as, but not limited to, a merger, acquisition, or major event which affects the treaty investor or employee’s previously approved relationship with the organization.  The treaty investor or enterprise must notify USCIS by filing a new Form I-129 with fee, and may simultaneously request an extension of stay for the treaty investor or affected employee.  The Form I-129 must include evidence to show that the treaty investor or affected employee continues to qualify for E-2 classification.

Be aware that a strike or other labor dispute involving a work stoppage at the intended place of employment may affect your status if you are from Canada or Mexico.

 What about family members?

Treaty investors and employees may be accompanied or followed by spouses and unmarried children who are under 21 years of age.  Their nationalities need not be the same as the treaty investor or employee.  These family members may seek E-2 nonimmigrant classification as dependents and, if approved, generally will be granted the same period of stay as the employee.  If the family members are already in the United States and are seeking change of status to or extension of stay in an E-2 dependent classification, they may apply by filing a single Form I-539 with fee.  Spouses of E-2 workers may apply for work authorization by filing Form I-765 with fee.  If approved, there is no specific restriction as to where the E-2 spouse may work.

You may travel abroad and will generally be granted an automatic two-year period of re-admission when returning to the United States. Your family members will not have such an easy time, however, unless they are traveling with you.

To remain lawfully in the US, family members must carefully note the period of stay they have been granted in E-2 status and apply for an extension of stay before their own validity expires.

You will likely have more questions about the Work Visas.  Please call our office for a free consultation.

You can also get additional information here:  E-2_Requirements .

If it turns out the E-2 program is not right for you, consider the H-1B Visa and L-1 Visa programs as alternatives.

 ~ Jeff Harrington, Esq.

11782501_10207077592476842_5777847936925616404_o

The post IMMIGRATION: Investor Visa (E-2 Step-by-Step) first appeared on Harrington Legal Alliance.]]>
IMMIGRATION: Investor Visas (E-2 Reqs) https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/immigration-work-visas-e-2-reqs/ Wed, 28 Feb 2018 14:15:51 +0000 https://www.harringtonlawassociates.com/?p=1342 This article is about the key requirements for obtaining an E-2 Visa. For each requirement, we provide tips and types of evidence you can submit to demonstrate you meet the requirement.

The post IMMIGRATION: Investor Visas (E-2 Reqs) first appeared on Harrington Legal Alliance.]]>
The focus last week (E-2 Step by Step) was on helping you determine if the E-2 program is right for you.  Once you have decided you are going for an E-2 visa, this article will help you make it happen.   

UNDERSTANDING E-2 REQUIREMENTS

Below are some key requirements for obtaining an E-2 Visa. For each requirement, we provide tips and types of evidence you can submit to demonstrate you meet the requirement.

 Requirement 1: You must be coming to the United States to invest in a new or existing business.

(1)  Placing of capital “at risk” with the purpose of generating a profit.

(2)  Your investment may be for establishing a new business venture or purchasing a existing business.

(3) Your capital investment must be “substantial.”

More on Immigration

Requirement 2: Your investment must be in a “bona fide” enterprise and may not be “marginal.”

(1)  A “bona fide” enterprise is a real, active commercial or entrepreneurial undertaking which produces services or goods for profit.  The enterprise cannot be an idle investment held for potential appreciation in value, such as undeveloped land or stocks held by an investor who has no intent to direct the enterprise.

(2)  A “marginal” enterprise is one that will not generate more than enough income to provide a minimal living for you and your family or to make a significant economic contribution.

 Here are some of the documents you can use to demonstrate your business is “bona fide”:

•            Employer Identification Number (Notice Sheet)

•            Proof of Registration with State Department

•            Articles of Incorporation/Organization

•            Corporate Charter/Operating Agreement

•            Tax Returns

•            Business Organizational Chart

•            Business Licenses

•            Utility Bills, and Advertisements/Telephone Directory Listings

•            Escrow Documents

•            Lease Agreement

•            Proof Of Insurance

*Tip: There is no requirement that these documents be drafted by an attorney, but you can be sure the examiner will notice if they are not.  If you want your petition to be taken seriously, take care to present a professional image to the USCIS.  That alone will influence whether the business appears “bona fide.”

 Here are some ways to show your business is not “marginal.”

 If the business has not yet been started: 

•    Detailed business plan or executive summary showing that your business will produce more than a minimal living for you and your family or will create a significant economic contribution, along with any evidence that you believe will support the statements in your business plan.

•    Projections

If the business is already in operation:

•    U.S. or Foreign Individual Tax Returns

•    Bank Statements

•    Financial Statements

•    Profit and Loss

•    Balance Sheet / List of Assets & Liabilities

•    Inventory List

•    Client List

•    Purchase Orders

•    Bills of Lading

•    Contracts Or Customer/Vendor Agreements

•    Payroll Summaries (i.e., W-2s and W-3)

•    Financial Statements

•    Quarterly Wage Reports Or Payroll Summaries (I.E., W-2s And W-3)

Requirement 3: You must be in possession of the funds you will invest and the funds must be committed to your business.

(1) You must demonstrate the money you invest is irrevocably committed to the enterprise and subject to partial or total loss in the event that the entity fails.

(2) The funds you invest must be your own.

(3) The invested funds must be “substantial” in relationship to the total cost of either purchasing an established enterprise or creating the type of enterprise you are considering.

 Below are ways you can demonstrate your investment is “substantial” and “irrevocably committed”:

•            Canceled Money Orders and/or Checks

•            Corresponding Personal and/or Business Bank Statements

•            Itemized List Of Goods and Materials Purchased for The Start-Up

•            Corresponding Financial Accounting Documentation

•            Lease Agreement

•            Term Sheet, Letter Of Intent, Or Memorandum Of Understanding

•            Bill of Sale

•            Escrow Documents

•            Loan and/or Mortgage Agreements

•            Capitalization Table

•            Valuation Analysis of Business Assets

•            Purchase Agreement for Business Assets

•            Valuation Analysis of Stock

•            Stock Purchase Agreement

•            Meeting Minutes

•            Stock Ledger

•            Stock Certificate

•            Corresponding Forms Of Payment For Stock

 Requirement 4: You must be able to provide the source of your funding.

 (1) You must show a clear and legitimate path regarding the source of the capital you will be investing.

(2)  You must also demonstrate that the funds you are investing have not been obtained through criminal means.

 Some of the evidence you may submit to demonstrate the source of your capital includes:

•            Wire transfers, money orders, and/or canceled checks

•            Foreign and domestic bank statements

•            Foreign tax returns

•            Pay records

•            Property records

•            Loan and/or mortgage agreements

*Tip:  As you can imagine, these days more than ever, the examiner will be concerned about the source of the investment funds.  Discuss with your attorney before submitting your petition the best way to “trace” the source of the funds and demonstrate their origin.

Requirement 5: You must be coming to the US to develop and direct the business.

(1)  You must show that you will develop and direct the investment enterprise by demonstrating ownership of at least 50 percent of the enterprise, or by possessing operational control through a managerial position or other corporate devices.

Some of the evidence you may submit to demonstrate your capacity to develop and direct your business could be:

•            A detailed list of all owners and their percentage of ownership.  If you are one of two 50 percent owners, or own less than 50 percent of the enterprise, the documentation should be signed by all owners in order to show you have a controlling interest

•            Capitalization table

•            Stock purchase agreement, term sheet, letter of intent, or memorandum of understanding

•            By-laws

•            Meeting minutes

•            Stock certificates or stock ledger

•            Articles of incorporation/organization

•            Annual report or U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Form 10-K

•            Partnership agreement

•            Franchise agreement

 In reality, each business is different, so you will be working with our office to tailor the package to be submitted.  Please put together as much as you can, and get the documents over to our office for review.

Then, you will meet with your attorney to discuss the business plan and next steps.

~ Jeff Harrington, Esq. 

 

The post IMMIGRATION: Investor Visas (E-2 Reqs) first appeared on Harrington Legal Alliance.]]>
IMIGRAÇÃO: Investidores do Tratado E-2 https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/imigracao-investidores-do-tratado-e-2/ Sat, 24 Oct 2015 15:46:33 +0000 https://www.harringtonlawassociates.com/?p=1497 A classificação como não imigrante E-2 permite que um cidadão de um país com o qual os Estados Unidos mantenham tratado (vide anexo) viva e trabalhe nos Estados Unidos quando investir uma "quantia substancial" de capital em um negócio nos Estados Unidos. Determinados funcionários de uma empresa qualificada também podem ser elegíveis para um visto E-2.

The post IMIGRAÇÃO: Investidores do Tratado E-2 first appeared on Harrington Legal Alliance.]]>
Segue abaixo um panorama geral das principais questões envolvidas no processo.

A classificação como não imigrante E-2 permite que um cidadão de um país com o qual os Estados Unidos mantenham tratado (vide anexo) viva e trabalhe nos Estados Unidos quando investir uma “quantia substancial” de capital em um negócio nos Estados Unidos. Determinados funcionários de uma empresa qualificada também podem ser elegíveis para um visto E-2.

Você já está presente nos Estados Unidos?

Se você está atualmente nos EUA como não imigrante legal, pode solicitar a mudança de status para a classificação E-2. Se for essa a sua situação, nosso escritório apresentará o formulário correto para regularizar sua situação.

Você é de fora dos Estados Unidos?

Você não vai solicitar mudança de status se for de fora dos Estados Unidos. Ao contrário, vai passar pelo processo de requerimento e assim que o visto for concedido, vai solicitar a um agente de imigração do DHS [Departamento de Segurança Interna], no porto de entrada nos Estados Unidos, entrada como não imigrante E-2.

Quais são as qualificações?

Para se qualificar para classificação E-2, você deve:

  • Vir de um país do tratado (vide anexo)
  • Ter investido ou estar ativamente envolvido no processo de investir uma quantia substancial de capital em um empreendimento de boa fé nos EUA.
  • Ir aos Estados Unidos unicamente para desenvolver e dirigir o empreendimento de investimento. Isso é estabelecido comprovando pelo menos 50% de propriedade do empreendimento ou posse do controle operacional por meio de uma posição gerencial ou outro dispositivo corporativo.

 

O que é considerado um “investimento”?

Para fazer um investimento qualificado, você deve colocar dinheiro ou outros ativos “em risco” com o objetivo de gerar lucro. Essa é quase a definição de começar qualquer negócio real. Então, desde que você esteja fazendo uma tentativa genuína de iniciar uma empresa nos EUA, você deve estar fazendo um investimento qualificado.

O motivo pelo qual o USCIS [Serviço de Imigração e Cidadania dos Estados Unidos] insiste em que o dinheiro esteja “em risco” é que eles não querem que você cubra sua aposta fazendo um ajuste de antemão que permitiria que você retirasse seu dinheiro se o visto não fosse aprovado. Isso não é permitido.

O capital deve estar sujeito a perda parcial ou total se o investimento fracassar. Também, lembre-se de que você deve comprovar que os fundos não foram obtidos, direta ou indiretamente, por atividade criminosa. Então, você vai precisar comprovar de onde veio o dinheiro para o seu investimento. Nosso escritório vai ajudá-lo nisso. 

Mais informações Click Here

Quanto é “substancial”?

Naturalmente, essa é uma questão importante. O que você quer é um número em dólares, mas o USCIS não o fornece. Em vez disso, eles dão estas diretrizes:

  • Substancial em relação ao custo total de comprar uma empresa estabelecida ou constituir uma nova
  • Suficiente para garantir o compromisso financeiro do investidor do tratado para o sucesso da operação do empreendimento.
  • De magnitude de modo a apoiar a probabilidade de o investidor do tratado desenvolver e dirigir com sucesso o empreendimento. Quanto menor o custo do empreendimento, maior, proporcionalmente, deverá ser o investimento para ser considerado substancial.

Percebemos que esses critérios são um tanto ambíguos. Você pode até dizer que não o ajudam.

Portanto, para o que interessa, existe uma certa diretriz tácita de que US$100.000 ou mais provavelmente será considerada uma quantia “substancial”.

Isso não é uma regra, apenas uma orientação. Contudo, ter algo de concreto em mente pode ajudá-lo a planejar seu empreendimento.

Um empreendimento de “boa fé” se refere a um empreendimento comercial ou empresarial ativo e real e em operação, que produz serviços ou produtos para fins lucrativos. Ele deve atender os requisitos legais aplicáveis para fazer negócios dentro da sua jurisdição.

O que é um empreendimento “marginal”?

Seu empreendimento comercial não pode ser marginal. Um empreendimento “marginal” é um que não gera mais do que uma renda suficiente para proporcionar a subsistência mínima para você e seus dependentes.

Agora, é verdade que alguns negócios podem levar tempo para se tornar lucrativos. O USCIS entende isso. Então, em alguns casos, você pode cumprir esses critérios se a empresa tiver capacidade de gerar renda suficiente em cinco anos a contar da data em que a classificação E-2 do investidor do tratado começar.

Quais as qualificações para um Empregado?

Para se qualificar para classificação E-2, o empregado deve:

  • Ter a mesma nacionalidade do empregador (que deve ter a nacionalidade do país do tratado)
  • Cumprir a definição de “empregado” de acordo com a lei pertinente
  • Assumir responsabilidades de caráter executivo ou supervisório, ou se empregado em um cargo menor, ter qualificações especiais.

Se o principal empregador estrangeiro não for pessoa física, deve ser uma empresa ou organização com 50% de propriedade adquirida por pessoas nos Estados Unidos com a nacionalidade do país do tratado. Esses proprietários devem manter o status de investidor do tratado de não imigrante. Se os proprietários não estiverem nos Estados Unidos, eles devem ser classificáveis como investidores do tratado de não imigrantes, se tiverem que buscar entrada neste país. Consulte 8 CFR 214.2(e)(3)(ii).

O que significa “executivo ou supervisório”?

As obrigações de caráter “executivo ou supervisório” são aquelas que basicamente oferecem ao funcionário controle final e responsabilidade pela operação geral da organização ou de um componente importante da mesma.

Quais são as “qualificações especiais”?

“Qualificações especiais” são habilidades que tornam os serviços do empregado essenciais para a operação eficiente do negócio. Existem várias qualidades ou circunstâncias que podem atender esse requisito, dependendo dos fatos. Estas incluem, entre outras:

  • Grau de experiência comprovada na área de operações do funcionário
  • Se outros possuem as habilidades específicas do funcionário
  • O salário que as qualificações especiais podem comandar.
  • Se as habilidades e qualificações estão prontamente disponíveis nos Estados Unidos.

O conhecimento da língua e cultura estrangeiras não atende, por si próprio, esse requisito. Observe que em alguns casos, uma habilidade que é essencial em determinado ponto no tempo pode se tornar comum e, portanto, não ser mais qualificadora em uma data posterior.

Por quanto tempo dura o visto?

Os funcionários e investidores do tratado qualificados terão autorização para uma permanência inicial máxima de 2 (dois) anos. Pedidos de prorrogação da permanência podem ser concedidos a incrementos de até dois anos cada. Não há um limite máximo para o número de prorrogações que podem ser concedidas a um não imigrante E-2. Todos os não imigrantes E-2, contudo, devem manter a intenção de partir dos Estados Unidos quando seu status vencer ou for encerrado.

Um não imigrante E-2 que viaja para o exterior pode geralmente receber autorização para um período de reentrada automático de dois anos ao retornar aos Estados Unidos. Geralmente, não é necessário apresentar um novo Formulário I-129 perante o USCIS nesta situação.

 

Quais os termos e condições?

Um funcionário ou investidor do tratado somente pode trabalhar na atividade para a qual foi aprovado no momento em que a classificação foi concedida. Um funcionário E-2, contudo, também pode trabalhar para a empresa controladora da organização do tratado ou uma de suas subsidiárias, desde que:

  • O relacionamento entre as organizações seja estabelecido
  • O emprego na subsidiária exija habilidades executivas, de supervisão ou essenciais
  • Os termos e condições do emprego não sejam alterados de outro modo.

 

O que é uma “alteração substantiva” de termos e condições?

O USCIS deve aprovar qualquer alteração substantiva dos termos ou condições do status E-2. Uma “alteração substantiva” é definida como uma alteração fundamental das características básicas do empregador, tais como, entre outras, fusão, aquisição ou evento importante que afete o investidor do tratado ou a relação anteriormente aprovada do funcionário com a organização. O investidor do tratado ou empresa deve notificar o USCIS preenchendo um novo Formulário I-129 com taxa e pode solicitar, simultaneamente, uma prorrogação de permanência para o investidor do tratado ou funcionário afetado. O Formulário I-129 deve incluir prova de que o investidor do tratado ou funcionário afetado continua a se qualificar para a classificação E-2.

Lembre-se de que uma greve ou outra disputa trabalhista envolvendo paralisação do trabalho no local de emprego pretendido pode afetar seu status, caso você seja do Canadá ou do México.

E os familiares?

Os investidores do tratado e funcionários podem ser acompanhados ou seguidos de cônjuges e filhos não casados com menos de 21 anos de idade. Suas nacionalidades não precisam ser as mesmas que a do investidor do tratado ou funcionário. Estes familiares podem pedir classificação de não-imigrantes E-2 como dependentes e, se aprovados, geralmente receberão o mesmo período de permanência que o funcionário. Se os familiares já estiverem nos Estados Unidos e estiverem pedindo mudança de status ou prorrogação de permanência em uma classificação dependente de E-2, eles podem requerer apresentando um único Formulário I-539 com taxa. Cônjuges de trabalhadores E-2 podem requerer autorização de trabalho apresentando o formulário I-765 com taxa. Se aprovado, não há restrição específica a onde o cônjuge E-2 pode trabalhar.

Você pode viajar para o exterior e, geralmente, receber autorização para um período de reentrada automático de dois anos ao retornar aos Estados Unidos. Seus familiares não terão essa facilidade, contudo, a menos que estejam viajando com você.

Para permanecer legalmente nos Estados Unidos, os membros da família devem observar cuidadosamente o período de permanência que lhes foi concedido no status E-2 e solicitar uma prorrogação de permanência antes de sua própria validade expirar.

Naturalmente, nosso escritório está aqui para responder suas perguntas e aconselhá-lo em cada passo do caminho. Verificamos que erros e enganos podem ser evitados propiciando o máximo de informação o mais rápido possível.

Provavelmente, estas informações darão origem a dúvidas. Entre em contato com nosso escritório para marcar uma teleconferência ou reunião no escritório para tratar das principais questões desde o início.

~ Jeff Harrington, Esq.

The post IMIGRAÇÃO: Investidores do Tratado E-2 first appeared on Harrington Legal Alliance.]]>