Disputas de negocios | Harrington Legal Alliance https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/es/ Our Practice Makes Perfect Wed, 03 Jul 2024 22:23:30 +0000 es hourly 1 https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/cropped-Jeff-Harrington-32x32.jpg Disputas de negocios | Harrington Legal Alliance https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/es/ 32 32 Negocios: Costos del litigio (tribunal estatal) https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/es/negocios-costos-del-litigio-tribunal-estatal/ Thu, 11 Apr 2024 22:25:33 +0000 https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/negocios-costos-del-litigio-tribunal-estatal/ Es esencialmente imposible decirle a un cliente cuánto terminará costando una demanda. Sin embargo, eso no significa que no puedas tener al menos alguna idea de qué esperar. Ese es el propósito de este artículo.

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Los clientes siempre quieren saber cuánto les costará una demanda. La única respuesta honesta que puede dar un abogado es «¿Quién sabe?»

Hay algunas excepciones, como una sucesión testamentaria no impugnada, pero generalmente la duración y la cantidad de trabajo involucrado en un caso depende en gran medida de lo que haga la otra parte. Si el oponente presenta una moción, generalmente usted debe responder. Eso ralentiza las cosas y crea más trabajo para el abogado.

Lo mismo se aplica a las acciones que toma el juez en el caso. Los jueces imponen plazos y, en ocasiones, toman medidas espontáneamente (es decir. sin moción). El abogado debe responder en consecuencia.
También, ¿Qué pasa si resuelves el caso en el camino? ¿Qué pasa con las apelaciones? ¿Qué pasa si el caso se traslada a un tribunal federal?

Es esencialmente imposible decirle a un cliente cuánto terminará costando una demanda. Sin embargo, eso no significa que no puedas tener al menos alguna idea de qué esperar. Ese es el propósito de este artículo.

Regla general 1: Es menos costoso defender un caso que procesarlo. Depende del demandante hacer avanzar la acción, por lo que la presión recae sobre el demandante para que haga las cosas. Con algunas excepciones, generalmente es menos trabajo para un demandado porque el demandado tiene el lujo de no hacer nada hasta que el demandante tome medidas.

Regla general 2: El tribunal estatal es menos costoso que el tribunal federal. Además, los jueces federales imponen plazos más estrictos, por lo que los costos se incurren en un período de tiempo más corto. Su capacidad para presupuestar durante el curso de un litigio es más limitada en un tribunal federal.

Las diferentes etapas de un juicio son predecibles. Entonces, podemos desglosar lo que sucede en cada etapa y tener una idea aproximada de los costos y tarifas de cada una.siempre con la salvedad de que las cosas pueden ser más o menos caras dependiendo de lo que haga la otra parte.

Etapa 1 – Iniciación

Si usted es el demandante, su abogado deberá redactar la demanda y la citación para iniciar la demanda. Dependiendo de la complejidad del caso, eso podría tomar hasta cinco (5) horas de trabajo. Entonces, serán alrededor de un par de miles de dólares para la investigación y la redacción, dependiendo de la tarifa por hora del abogado.

El tribunal cobra una tarifa de presentación. El monto puede variar un poco, pero probablemente esté en el rango de $600.

Después de eso, la demanda y la citación deben ser notificadas por un notificador de proceso. Puedes pedirle al departamento del Sheriff que lo haga, que es más barato, pero tardan más. . . y realmente no puedes darles prisa. La mayoría de las personas recurren a un notificador privado, que costará alrededor de $100 por acusado.

Entonces, si lo sumas todo, estás viendo algo como $2,500-3,500 para que el caso despegue.

Si usted es el demandado, solo necesita presentar una respuesta a la demanda. Hay algunos tipos diferentes de respuestas que puede presentar, como una moción para anular, una moción para desestimar o una respuesta con defensas. Su abogado decidirá qué enfoque es mejor, pero cualquiera de estas respuestas requiere entre 1 y 3 horas de redacción. Entonces, tal vez estés mirando aproximadamente$800-1000 para cada una de estas respuestas. Tenga en cuenta que su abogado puede utilizar sólo una de estas respuestas o, quizás, las tres, según la situación.

Etapa 2 – Descubrimiento

Esta es la etapa en la que las partes obtienen información de la otra parte o de terceros. Hay casos que requieren sólo un descubrimiento mínimo o, incluso, ningún descubrimiento. Además, el tipo de descubrimiento utilizado marca una gran diferencia en los costos. Por lo tanto, los resultados pueden variar enormemente en esta etapa.

Hay tres tipos de solicitudes de descubrimiento por escrito: interrogatorios, solicitud de presentación y solicitud de admisión. Estos «productos de descubrimiento» son un tanto predecibles ya que simplemente es cuestión de redactarlos y enviarlos. Espere alrededor de 2-3 horas de trabajo ($800-1,600) por producto de descubrimiento. Su abogado decidirá si utiliza algunas o todas estas opciones de descubrimiento.
Otra herramienta de descubrimiento común son las declaraciones. Esas son una bestia completamente diferente.

En primer lugar, es posible que tenga que emitir una citación, que es una redacción adicional. Pero lo principal es que interrogar personalmente a un declarante suele durar todo un día. Una vez que se tome la molestia de conseguir que la persona ocupe el asiento y esté bajo juramento, querrá aprovecharlo al máximo. Y, por lo general, el declarante opondrá cierta resistencia, lo que ralentiza las cosas. Además, hay que pagar por el taquígrafo judicial y, a veces, por la sala.

Por lo tanto, puede esperar que una única declaración cueste entre $1,000-5,000. Los depósitos son mucho más caros pero, dependiendo del declarante, pueden resultar muy eficaces.
Además, para casos complejos, puede haberrondas de descubrimiento. Entonces, puedes estar enviando («proponiendo») un primer conjunto, un segundo conjunto, un tercer conjunto, etc.
Otra cosa es la práctica de movimiento que se puede realizar en esta etapa. Por ejemplo, si la parte que recibe la solicitud de prueba no responde, o no brinda buenas respuestas, entonces su abogado tendrá que presentar una Moción para obligar y, probablemente, acudir a una audiencia. Eso significa un gasto adicional.

Etapa 3 – Sentencia sumaria

Algunos casos pueden resolverse total o parcialmente sin llegar a juicio, como los casos basados ​​en unacontrato. Esto suele ocurrir mediante la presentación de una Moción de fallo sumario. Si usted es el demandante, espera terminar el caso con esta moción, por lo que su abogado dedicará algo de tiempo a investigar y redactar esta moción. Luego, habrá una audiencia sobre la moción. Calculo que este proceso tomará entre 3 y 6 horas de trabajo ($1,200-3,000), dependiendo de la complejidad de los problemas.

Etapa 4 – Juicio

El juicio sumario es para casos que no involucran cuestiones probatorias. En otras palabras, el juez no está obligado a escuchar testimonios ni a tratar hechos controvertidos. Cuando eso no sea posible –lo que ocurre muy a menudo– el caso tendrá que decidirse mediante un juicio.

H&S se ocupa principalmente de disputas comerciales y de bienes raíces, que normalmente no requieren la participación de un jurado. Entonces, el análisis aquí se centra en los juicios sin jurado. Solo tenga en cuenta que existen pasos adicionales para los juicios con jurado.

El juicio es «la hora del espectáculo». Todas las pruebas y testigos deben estar preparados. Hay que finalizar la investigación. Es necesario discutir la estrategia y todos los involucrados deben estar listos para comenzar. Tiene mucha importancia. Luego está el juicio en sí, que puede durar un día o una semana, según el caso. Entonces, nuevamente, los resultados pueden variar enormemente.

Pero, sólo para darle una idea, es probable que esta etapa cueste algo dentro del rango de$3,000, para un caso relativamente simple,$10,000 para un caso bastante complejo. Esto, por supuesto, en el contexto de un típico litigio empresarial (es decir, no de grandes corporaciones) en un tribunal estatal.

Otros costos

Una cosa con la que probablemente pueda contar es la mediación. En algún momento, una de las partes solicitará una mediación, o el juez simplemente lo enviará a mediación con la esperanza de obtener el caso del expediente. Será un día completo de trabajo, más los honorarios del mediador, así que cuente con$2,000-$3,500 para eso.
Luego están las apelaciones. Incluso existe algo llamado «apelación interlocutoria», que puede ocurrir incluso antes de que se decida el caso. Por lo tanto, puede haber costos de apelación tanto durante como después del caso. No existe una “práctica de moción” en las apelaciones, por lo que los costos son bastante predecibles. Pero el trabajo de apelación es notoriamente caro porque el nivel de «abogado» aumenta.

Conclusión

Con suerte, el análisis que se incluye en este documento le ayudará a comprender mejor los factores implicados en el litigio de un caso, para que pueda prepararse mejor y tomar decisiones informadas. Nunca olvide que un caso puede resolverse en cualquier punto del camino, lo que pone fin a los gastos.

~ Jeff Harrington, Esq.

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BUSINESS DISPUTES: Straight Talk about Costs of Litigation (Video) https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/es/business-straight-talk-about-costs-of-litigation-video/ Thu, 08 Feb 2024 21:09:16 +0000 https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/?p=3227 Thinking about suing someone? Or, had a bad experience in a lawsuit? Don't miss this uncommonly frank discussion of the good, bad and ugly sides of litigation.

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Thinking about suing someone? Or, had a bad experience in a lawsuit? Don’t miss this uncommonly frank discussion of the costs of litigation.

¿Estás pensando en demandar a alguien? ¿O tuvo una mala experiencia en un pleito? No se pierda esta discusión inusualmente franca sobre los lados buenos, malos y feos del litigio.

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REAL ESTATE: Commercial LeaseDisputes https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/es/real-estate-commercial-lease-disputes/ Wed, 07 Feb 2024 19:07:26 +0000 https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/?p=3130 The purpose of this article is to make both landlords and tenants aware of the common considerations after default on a commercial lease. 

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When a commercial tenant defaults on its lease, some strategic decisions need to be made by both the tenant and the landlord.
As with any lease that ends in default, emotions tend to run high.  Commercial tenants often have feelings about how the landlord’s conduct, or the condition of the premises, led to the failure of the business.  On the other hand, commercial landlords always suffer significant losses when a tenant defaults.  So, very often, one or both sides are very upset.
The purpose of this article is to make both parties aware of the common considerations after default on a commercial lease. 

Uncollectible Tenants

When they can, commercial Tenants may just dissolve the company or file a commercial bankruptcy — that is, unless the tenant believes it has a strong case against the landlord.  In this scenario, the landlord does not get paid, but the landlord gets the property back relatively quickly.
Nobody is happy in this scenario but, at least, everyone is able to move on.

Personal Guaranty

Most commercial leases require the owner — i.e. a human being or an entity very unlikely to become assetless — to sign a personal guaranty.  So, there are plenty of times when the tenant cannot simply cut and run.  In that situation, the tenant has two basic choices:
Scenario #1 –  make a deal quickly, or
Scenario #2 – try to win by attrition.
Of course, Scenario #1 makes the most sense to all concerned.  If the landlord can get the property back quickly, the space can become a producing asset sooner and, thereby, minimize losses.
As for the tenant, the terms of the commercial lease agreement are almost certainly not favorable, so settling early prevents entry of a huge judgment.  Nonetheless, a quick resolution often does not happen.  Again, emotions can be a factor, but that is not the only problem.
Most of the time, after a default, Landlords will do their calculations and present the Tenant with a big bill.  That is understandable enough.  It may very well be that, under the terms of the lease agreement, the Landlord is entitled to every cent.
It is hard to blame a commercial landlord for insisting on payment of every dime owed, but that does make it nearly impossible to cut a deal quickly.  So, very often, we end up with Scenario #2, which is protracted litigation.

Real Estate Litigation

Everyone will lawyer-up and things will start getting expensive.  Generally, both parties have suffered losses, so the costs of litigation are pouring salt on the wound.  If emotions were not running hot before this point, they definitely are now.
Commercial tenants should understand they are playing a very dangerous game in this scenario.
Once the lawsuit starts, it’s basically for «all the marbles» because the landlord will be entitled to ALL the costs and fees resulting from this lawsuit, along with unpaid rents and other damages.
With few exceptions, sooner or later, the landlord is going to get a judgment so, the longer the case goes on, the bigger the judgment will be.  Therefore, unless the tenant has some exit strategy, the tenant has the Sword of Damocles over its head.
But, be aware, landlords.  Sometimes the commercial tenant does have an exit strategy.
If there has been a genuine default on the commercial lease, the landlord is almost certainly going to get some kind of judgment at the end of the lawsuit.  And, because the commercial lease — unless it was not prepared professionally — will definitely have a provision for recovery of costs and attorneys’ fees, the amount of the judgment is likely to be significant.
I realize that all sounds good from the landlord’s perspective.  Just remember, though, getting a judgment is one thing.  Collecting on the judgment can be quite another.

Executing on the Judgment

In light of the forgoing, if the tenant makes the decision to fight the landlord’s lawsuit — thereby incurring legal fees and running up the amount of the judgment — then you have to figure the tenant probably has a plan.
Like all defendants in a lawsuit, the tenant can try to make the judgment uncollectible.  Because commercial leases generally require a guaranty, it may not be a simple task for the tenant to make the guarantor «judgment-proof.»  It will almost certainly take time to plan and manuever.
The tenant may start transferring assets out of the landlord’s reach.  If you start seeing the tenant’s attorney utilizing delay tactics in the lawsuit, it may be that the tenant needs time to get the asset-protection plan in place.  
Asset protection, when done skillfully, can be very effective.  Often enough, a judgment-holder will decide to cut losses somewhere along the way, and the parties move on.  Maybe a commercial tenant would consider that a «win.»  Maybe . . .
But, asset-protection does itself involve some expense and a fair amount of hassle.  More importantly, there is a mechanism in the law called «piercing the corporate veil» that allows a judgment-holder, such as a landlord, enforce the judgment against any new entity(s) the tenant creates for asset-protection purposes.

Conclusion

There is no real morale to this article.  I just want commercial landlords and tenants to be aware of the cat-and-mouse game that can follow a default.  At some point it comes down to just how far each party is willing to go.  And, I have seen these cases go very far indeed.
There are a few critical moments along the way where the two parties need to carefully consider their options.  Hopefully, this overview puts you in a better position to make the best decisions.
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BUSINESS PRACTICES: Limiting Personal Liability (Part II) https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/es/business-practices-limiting-personal-responsibility-part-ii/ Tue, 06 Feb 2024 21:50:05 +0000 https://www.harringtonlawassociates.com/?p=1403 This is a continuation of our discussion regarding the breakdown of liability protection afforded to owners and officers as a result of the economic crisis and business scandals in the US and around the world. It is true the American legal system is set up to shield owners/officers from corporate liabilities, but nothing draws public outcry like an executive who fills his pockets through misdeeds and then hides behind the corporate skirt.

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This is a continuation of our discussion regarding the breakdown of liability protection afforded to owners and officers as a result of the economic crisis and business scandals in the US and around the world.  

It is true the American legal system is set up to shield owners/officers from corporate liabilities, but nothing draws public outcry like an executive who fills his pockets through misdeeds and then hides behind the corporate skirt.  

It is the perception of corrupt business practices with no punishment that leads judges and legislators to weaken corporate protections and put officer heads on the chopping block.

So, in this climate of suspicion, what can a business owner do to limit liability for company activities? in this section, we will focus first on what not to do.

I. Shell Companies

By «shell company,» we mean a company that is set up for specific business transactions but which has no significant assets.  In Florida, where our firm is headquartered, it is extremely cheap and simply to set up a new company.  That is intended to encourage entrepreneurship, which is a good thing.  What is sometimes not a good thing is the ease of setting up a new company also lends itself to creating «throw away» companies.

So, if an unscrupulous person wants to rip people off, he or she can open a company, do bad things and then abandon the company.  And repeat . . .

Judges are wise to this tactic.  If your company is accused of misconduct, a judge will be curious to see how vested you are in the company.  Was the company properly capitalized at the start, or was it run on a shoestring?  There is nothing wrong with running a company on a tight budget, but you do not want it to seem like you were never serious about building a viable business.

Consider other countries around the world, such as European countries, where it is not nearly so quick and easy to start a new company. In fact, the process is rather involved and requires significant capitalization upfront.  This tends to have a chilling effect on startups and, perhaps, reduces the likelihood of abuse.

Of course, many small businesses will be started with minimal capital and grow organically. There is nothing wrong with that. It is one of the things that makes the United States an attractive destination for the entrepreneurial-minded.

If you are starting your company on a small budget, then consider purchasing an insurance policy (such as an «errors and omissions» policy).  Judges tend to view that as a good-faith attempt to be a responsible business owner.

II. Alter Ego

Another important consideration is whether the business owner treats the company as a separate entity, rather than just an extension of himself.  As a small business owner, it is easy to form bad habits — such as using the company card to pay personal expenses, commingling company funds with personal funds, using your personal card to pay company expenses, making company decisions with no semblance of corporate process, etc.  These are very common practices, which Florida courts tend to view as reducing the company to a mere «alter ego.»

Many small business owners think: «What difference does it make? It’s all my money, anyway.»

Of course, there is some truth to that. That is why in business litigation we refer to the «corporate fiction.»  After all, it is a fiction . . . one that you should foster, not disregard.

Think about it this way. If your company gets itself into a situation where it cannot pay its bills or is being sued, then you are going to want to separate yourself from the company’s creditors as fully as possible.  If someone gets a judgment against the company, you do not want him coming after your personal property, your personal bank account, etc.

Should that situation come up, your argument will be «Hey, that is the company’s debt, not mine.»  By and large, that is a good argument, and the courts will support it.  However, you can’t really have it both ways.  If you want the judge to treat your company as a separate entity that is responsible for its own obligations, then you need to have treated the company that wayall along.

More on Business Law

To protect against corporate liability, you want to avoid weakening the corporate fiction. So, you do not want to give the impression that you were planning to «tank the company» all along, and you do not want to make the company your alter ego.

Next week, we will discuss affirmative measures you can take to foster a strong corporate fiction, thereby strengthening your protection against corporate liability.

~ Jeff Harrington, Esq.

The post BUSINESS PRACTICES: Limiting Personal Liability (Part II) first appeared on Harrington Legal Alliance.]]> BUSINESS: Limiting Personal Liability (Part III) https://Harringtonandsheppard.com/es/business-practices-limiting-personal-responsibility-part-iii/ Mon, 05 Feb 2024 21:54:07 +0000 https://www.harringtonlawassociates.com/?p=1406 This is the final part to our discussion aimed at helping owners and officers avoid personal responsibility for the obligations and liabilities their companies take on in the course of doing business. The first part provided an overview of the key issues related to corporate liability. The second part focused on what not to do. Here, we get to proactive techniques for guarding against personal responsibility.

The post BUSINESS: Limiting Personal Liability (Part III) first appeared on Harrington Legal Alliance.]]> This is the final part to our discussion aimed at helping owners and officers avoid personal responsibility for the obligations and liabilities their companies take on in the course of doing business.  

The first part of our series provides an overview of the key issues related to corporate liability.  The second part focuses on what not to do.  Here, we get to the juicy part of the discussion: proactive techniques for guarding against personal responsibility.

 Choice of Jurisdiction (Domestic)

If you live in Florida, where our firm is headquartered, then you may know about the Florida State Department’s website, commonly referred to as «Sunbiz.»  As a corporate law firm, our attorneys spend a lot of time on the website, and it is certainly a very convenient — and transparent– site.  Whenever you want to know the owner(s), key officers, company address and registered agent of a Florida company, you can quickly and easily find the information at sunbiz.org. That is convenient for us, but not ideal for owners interested in limiting liability.  The first step to limiting personal liability is staying out of the public record.

The Florida State Department’s website is extremely convenient, and extremely transparent — which may not be ideal for all business owners and officers.

If you are doing business in Florida, you will need to have a company registered in Florida. That, however, is not to say you must have a «Florida company.»

You can form your company in a jurisdiction with more favorable corporate laws, such as Delaware or Nevada.  In those states, essentially all information about the ownership and management of companies is shielded from the public.  In fact, in some states, the state government does not even have access to such information.

Once your Delaware company is formed, you can register it with the Florida State Department.  It will be referred to as a «foreign company registered to do business in Florida.»  By this means, you will have the anonymity of a Delaware (or Nevada) company while still being able to legally conduct business in Florida.

In addition to the benefit of keeping your name out of the public record, you may also be able to avail yourself of the friendly owner/officer laws in the foreign jurisdiction.  Fair warning here.  By registering your company in Florida, you are agreeing to be governed by Florida law.  Nonetheless, if your company is organized under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction, there are situations where you may be able to apply the more favorable laws instead of those of Florida.

More on Where to Set Up Your Company

If you like the idea of shopping for a jurisdiction with laws and procedures that most benefit your situation then–in addition to Delaware and Nevada–consider Alaska, Wyoming, Montana, and South Dakota as well.  All of these states have made conscious decisions to pass legislation that will encourage companies to incorporate there, even if the companies actually conduct business in other states.

 Going Offshore

The next step up from incorporating in another state is to «go offshore.»  That means you can form your company in another country and then register it to do business in the state where you live.  This process is not as complicated as you might think.  The first step, of course, is deciding which offshore jurisdiction would be most favorable for your situation.  As a Florida law firm, we tend to stick with the Caribbean countries that are close to home.  Three countries with business-friendly laws are Nevis, Cook Islands, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

You will notice the discussion here is not about minimizing tax liability or protecting assets.  Many times those issues go together with limiting owner liability, but tax planning and asset protection are topics too complex to deal with in this short article.

For purposes here, just be aware that you can find even more favorable laws by going offshore than you can by incorporating in a different state.  If you want to know the downside to organizing your company offshore, here are a few considerations:

  • A bit more expensive–not terribly so, but a bit.  Annual fees tend to be higher than in US states.
  • A bit more of a hassle.  Florida companies can literally be set up online.  It does not get much more convenient than that.
  • Can raise a red flag.  Given the political and legal climate these days, banks and other businesses may be wary of doing working with your offshore company.  You may also draw scrutiny from the taxing authorities.

As a business lawyer, I try to look at all the pros and cons of the available options and make a recommendation based on the client’s particular situation.  I do feel offshore companies provide an excellent vehicle for limiting personal liability.  In many cases, going offshore may be overkill . . . but it is certainly good to be aware of that option.

More on Offshore

 Company Documents

Many new companies are formed without much thought for the governing documents.  That is a mistake for many reasons, but we will stay focused on personal liability here.  First, what are governing documents?

The company’s governing documents are those that set out the basic structural information–i.e. owners, managers, officers, voting rights, board members–and establish the company’s bylaws.   Most often, the structural information is contained in the company’s Articles.  For corporations, the document is call the «Articles of Incorporation» while, for limited liability companies, it is called the «Articles of Organization.»  This is typically a pretty basic document and, in Florida, it is actually generated automatically by the State Department when you establish a new company.

Realize organizing in a business-friendly state, such as Delaware, or in an offshore jurisdiction means there is no public record of the ownership or management of the company.   How are you going to prove the company is yours or that you have authority to sign for the company?

Make sure, at a bare minimum, you have company Articles.

Next, there are company bylaws, which can be called by a few different names, just to keep things interesting:

  • corporate charter
  • partnership agreement
  • operating agreement
  • shareholder agreement

The bylaws are much more comprehensive and usually include policies and rules about company decision-making, board meetings, admission of new members, officer duties and authority . . . and indemnification.

This may sound a bit ridiculous, but simply having a clause in the company bylaws stating owners and officers are indemnified from company liability is really quite effective.  Courts will respect that simple clause.

As discussed in Part II of this series, it is important to set up your company in a way that makes it clear you are serious about establishing a viable company–as opposed to a «throw-away» company that you can just discard once the walls start closing in.  Having decent-looking company documents, preferrably drafted by a corporate lawyer, goes a long way toward demonstrating your good-faith in this regard.  Further, you can actually build in personal protections in the bylaws that will hold up surprisingly well.  The cost is not prohibitive, and any contract attorney will have templates that can be modified to your situation, so there is really no reason not to take this measure.  If you choose not to, you do so at your own peril.

Limiting personal liability is a form of asset protection.  Understand there is a sliding scale ranging from the very simple to the very sophisticated.  There are lots of things you can do to protect yourself though, admittedly, for many small businesses, some of the available techniques would be overkill.  A good business lawyer will not try to sell you on a complex structure involving trusts, offshore entities, limited partnerships, etc. unless the benefits of doing so make good business sense.

This article is purposely limited in scope.  It is not intended to touch on all the techniques you might use in setting up a new venture.  Business attorneys understand the realities of controlling costs in the early stages of a new endeavor.  Rather, the points touched upon in this series are more or less the bare minimum you need to know and do to protect yourself as a business owner or officer.

More on Business Law

~ Jeff Harrington, Esq.

 

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